Zojuist deze paragraaf ‘apple-X-ed’ uit mijn tekst voor Kontraste. Nee, ook niet als noot. ’tis eigenlijk niet meer dan een opsomming, vrucht van een uurtje googlen en in boeken bladeren. Waarschuwing: niet geredigeerd en niet gedouble-checkt.

“Electronic – or electric – music already existed, but was mainly the realm of – highly experimental – instruments. As far as we know, no serious composer wrote for the short-lived Telharmonium, developed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897. The theremin, invented in 1919/1920, was predominantly an instrument for performers – like Lucie Bigelow Rosen who in 1944 did commission Bohuslav Martinu, a much less adventurous composer than Cage, to write a piece for her, the Fantasia for Theremin (or Ondes Martenot), Oboe, String Quartet and Piano. Much earlier in 1924 the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi had included a grammophone playing the song of a nightingale – namely Il canto dell’usignolo, record number 6501 of Concert Record Gramophone – in his symphonic poem Pini di Roma , but it is doubtful this should figure in a history of electronic music, as grammophones were not electrical at the time. Paul Hindemith is a rare example of a composer who did write very early on for an electronic instrument. Des kleinen Elektromusikers Lieblinge für drei Trautonien premiered in 1930, followed by a Concertino für Trautonium und Streichorchester (1931) and Langsames Stück mit Rondo for Trautonium (1935). In France Olivier Messiaen wrote his first piece for Ondes Martenot, Fête des belles eaux, in 1937. Messiaen and Hindemith were both breaking new ground, but essentialy their pieces fit firmly within a European tradition of chamber music, they are ‘classical’ music scored for electronic instruments. None of it is as radical as Cage’s first dive into the world of ‘electronic’ sound.”